Is it possible to actually monitor resource usage of the individual nodes I have reserved for a program on Palmetto?

The quickest way to check where your code is running is to use the pbstop command when you log onto palmetto. That is, while on user.palmetto.clemson.edu, pbstop will show you the first cpu of every worker node with a letter. At the bottom of the list there will be key to these symbols. So your username will have a letter associated with it. While the pbstop screen is up you can press numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to request not just the first cpu but others (these FLIP/FLOP).